KnowledgeSaturated
Trust Score:
25

MMLU

57-subject multiple-choice exam spanning STEM, humanities, and social sciences — the defining knowledge benchmark of the 2020–2024 era.

Launched: —Refresh: static
Status Assessment (saturated):

Frontier models cluster at 86–92% since 2024; ~2–6% label errors put the effective ceiling near 90%, so top-model gaps are within noise.

Performance Timeline

Longitudinal progression of model scores against human baselines.

Performance & Historical Trajectory

Empirical score progression across model release dates and evaluation rounds.

Independent Vendor-Reported Human Baseline (89.8%)
ModelScoreDateSource TypeProvenance
MiMo-V2.6-Flash88.1%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 5.584.5%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen 3.8 Max Prime79.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Gemini 4 Argon90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 5.582.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Nano Banana 2.190.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 486.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol Pro90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 5.590.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 Prime90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna Pro82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Sol Pro90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Sol90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 5.593.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Pro-UltraSpeed90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Flash82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Pro82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 FlashX86.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 5.596.4%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 5.590.8%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol Pro98.4%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna95.9%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Gemini 4 Argon97.9%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen 3.8 Max Prime94.9%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 101782.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Terra Pro90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Terra90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K3.1 Pro90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M3.1 Flash82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Muse Spark Open90.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
LiquidAI: LFM2.5-24B-A2B82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder93.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max Prime93.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Upstage: Solar Mini 478.5%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.790.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Omni Flash82.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash82.6%2026-09-11independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra93.3%2026-09-04independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra Pro93.3%2026-09-04independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.8 Flash90.3%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.8 Flash95.7%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max (0902)90.3%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.3 Contributor78.5%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.390.3%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 5.193.3%2026-09-01independentSource ↗
Hy494.2%2026-08-28independentSource ↗
Hy486.7%2026-08-28independentSource ↗
GLM 5.3 Flash95.5%2026-08-27independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 Flash82.6%2026-08-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Flash82.6%2026-08-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp82.6%2026-08-22independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4-Pro94%2026-08-17independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4-Flash89.8%2026-08-17independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.390.3%2026-08-17independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 5.196.7%2026-08-16independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 27B86.7%2026-08-15independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.7 Flash95.1%2026-08-14independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.7 Flash90.3%2026-08-14independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Pro 081390.3%2026-08-14independentSource ↗
Grok 4.694.9%2026-08-13independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 2.4T A95B90.3%2026-08-13independentSource ↗
LiquidAI: LFM2.5-2.6B82.6%2026-08-12independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 2.1 Turbo86.7%2026-08-11independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.690.3%2026-08-11independentSource ↗
Muse Glimmer 30B86.7%2026-08-11independentSource ↗
GPT-595.7%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Lightning78.5%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Image Mini86.7%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Image90.3%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.2 Contributor78.5%2026-08-06independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.290.3%2026-08-06independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash95.4%2026-08-02independentSource ↗
Space Bunny Alpha93%2026-08-02independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 073190.6%2026-08-01independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 073186.7%2026-08-01independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Code86.7%2026-07-31independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra96.1%2026-07-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Flash78.5%2026-07-28independentSource ↗
Kimi K395.4%2026-07-27independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 596.7%2026-07-25independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 594.7%2026-07-25independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 593.3%2026-07-24independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.6 Flash93.6%2026-07-22independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite89.3%2026-07-22independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.6 Flash90.3%2026-07-22independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash Lite86.7%2026-07-22independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K393.3%2026-07-16independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol97.4%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.5 Thinking95.9%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna91.8%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna Pro86.7%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna86.7%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro93.3%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Terra93.3%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro93.3%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol93.3%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.190.3%2026-07-10independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.590.3%2026-07-09independentSource ↗
Hy382.6%2026-07-07independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 590.3%2026-07-01independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Image86.7%2026-07-01independentSource ↗
MiniMax M391.3%2026-06-26independentSource ↗
Qwen3-235B93.3%2026-06-19independentSource ↗
QwQ Plus92.6%2026-06-19independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.286.7%2026-06-17independentSource ↗
Grok 495.4%2026-06-16independentSource ↗
GLM-5.292.3%2026-06-13independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.7 Code90.3%2026-06-13independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 597.9%2026-06-10independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 593.3%2026-06-10independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra89.4%2026-06-05independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Content Safety78.5%2026-06-05independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra86.7%2026-06-05independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Plus86.7%2026-06-03independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M386.7%2026-06-01independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Image86.7%2026-05-29independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro)93.3%2026-05-29independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.893.3%2026-05-29independentSource ↗
Hy-MT2-1.8B78.5%2026-05-22independentSource ↗
Hy-MT2-30B-A3B82.6%2026-05-22independentSource ↗
Hy-MT2-7B82.6%2026-05-22independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Max90.3%2026-05-21independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok Build 0.186.7%2026-05-21independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash90.3%2026-05-20independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro94.4%2026-05-19independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite86.7%2026-05-08independentSource ↗
GPT Chat Latest93.3%2026-05-06independentSource ↗
Command A+86.7%2026-05-02independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 3.590.3%2026-05-01independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.386.7%2026-05-01independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 Flash86.7%2026-04-28independentSource ↗
GPT-5.5 Pro93.3%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
GPT-5.593.3%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Pro 042386.7%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 042378.5%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
MiMo-V2.586.9%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.5-Pro82.6%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.582.6%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 27B86.7%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
Hy382.6%2026-04-22independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Image 293.3%2026-04-22independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-04-2086.7%2026-04-21independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.690.3%2026-04-21independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.793.3%2026-04-17independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 35B A3B82.6%2026-04-16independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.190.3%2026-04-07independentSource ↗
Gemma 4 26B A4B82.6%2026-04-04independentSource ↗
Gemma 4 31B82.6%2026-04-03independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 Plus86.7%2026-04-03independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5V Turbo90.3%2026-04-02independentSource ↗
Lyria 3 Pro78.5%2026-03-31independentSource ↗
Lyria 3 Clip78.5%2026-03-31independentSource ↗
Reka Edge78.5%2026-03-21independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.786.7%2026-03-19independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Nano86.7%2026-03-18independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Mini90.3%2026-03-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5 Turbo90.3%2026-03-16independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-9B82.6%2026-03-11independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.20 Multi-Agent86.7%2026-03-10independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.2086.7%2026-03-10independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Lite86.7%2026-03-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Pro93.3%2026-03-06independentSource ↗
GPT-5.493.3%2026-03-06independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite86.7%2026-03-04independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Image86.7%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
GPT-5.3-Codex93.3%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Mini82.6%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-35B-A3B82.6%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-27B86.7%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-122B-A10B86.7%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-Flash82.6%2026-02-25independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Pro Custom Tools93.3%2026-02-20independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Pro93.3%2026-02-20independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 4.693.3%2026-02-18independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-02-1586.7%2026-02-17independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 397B A17B90.3%2026-02-17independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 590.3%2026-02-12independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.582.6%2026-02-12independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.693.3%2026-02-06independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.586.7%2026-01-28independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2-her86.7%2026-01-24independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.7 Flash82.6%2026-01-20independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2-Codex93.3%2026-01-15independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.186.7%2025-12-24independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.786.7%2025-12-23independentSource ↗
o393.8%2025-12-21independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Flash86.7%2025-12-18independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2 Chat93.3%2025-12-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2 Pro93.3%2025-12-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.293.3%2025-12-12independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.6V82.6%2025-12-09independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max90.3%2025-12-05independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.282.6%2025-12-02independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.593.3%2025-11-25independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro)93.3%2025-11-21independentSource ↗
GPT-5.190.3%2025-11-14independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex90.3%2025-11-14independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex-Mini86.7%2025-11-14independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 387.7%2025-11-13independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 Thinking86.7%2025-11-07independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M286.7%2025-10-24independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B Instruct82.6%2025-10-15independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Pro93.3%2025-10-07independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B Thinking82.6%2025-10-07independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B Instruct82.6%2025-10-07independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 4.590.3%2025-10-02independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 4.593.3%2025-09-30independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 235B A22B Instruct86.7%2025-09-24independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder Flash82.6%2025-09-18independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct86.7%2025-09-12independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 090586.7%2025-09-05independentSource ↗
GPT-590.3%2025-08-08independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Mini86.7%2025-08-08independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Nano82.6%2025-08-08independentSource ↗
Claude 4.1 Opus93.3%2025-08-06independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 30B A3B Instruct82.6%2025-08-01independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 250782.6%2025-07-30independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 250790.3%2025-07-26independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 480B A35B82.6%2025-07-24independentSource ↗
ByteDance: UI-TARS 7B78.5%2025-07-23independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 250782.6%2025-07-22independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 071186.7%2025-07-12independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 1.6 Flash82.6%2025-06-26independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 1.686.7%2025-06-26independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M186.7%2025-06-18independentSource ↗
Sarvam 105B90.3%2025-06-16independentSource ↗
o3 Pro93.3%2025-06-11independentSource ↗
Sarvam Vision (Document AI)85.2%2025-05-21independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova 2 Lite83.6%2025-05-19independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova 2 Lite82%2025-05-19independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B82.6%2025-04-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 14B82.6%2025-04-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 32B82.6%2025-04-29independentSource ↗
o4 Mini High90.3%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
o390.3%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
o4 Mini90.3%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder94.7%2025-04-16independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder Full97.1%2025-04-16independentSource ↗
GPT-4.190.3%2025-04-15independentSource ↗
GPT-4.1 Mini86.7%2025-04-15independentSource ↗
GPT-4.1 Nano82.6%2025-04-15independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 27B85.9%2025-04-13independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra 550B93%2025-04-11independentSource ↗
Sarvam 30B85.9%2025-04-11independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Maverick92%2025-04-06independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Scout91%2025-04-06independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro93%2025-03-26independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro90.3%2025-03-26independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro 06-0590.3%2025-03-26independentSource ↗
Microsoft-Decision-188.5%2025-03-23independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Super 120B86.7%2025-03-21independentSource ↗
OpenAI Decisions API94.2%2025-03-19independentSource ↗
Jev 1.1491.6%2025-03-15independentSource ↗
Krutrim-288.1%2025-03-13independentSource ↗
Reka Flash 378.5%2025-03-13independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Premier 1.092.6%2025-03-11independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Premier 1.093.3%2025-03-11independentSource ↗
QwQ 32B87.8%2025-03-06independentSource ↗
Saaras v3 (Speech-to-Text)83.6%2025-03-02independentSource ↗
Bulbul v3 (Text-to-Speech)82.1%2025-03-02independentSource ↗
Phi-4-multimodal82.1%2025-03-01independentSource ↗
GPT-4.588.7%2025-02-28independentSource ↗
Claude 3.7 Sonnet94.4%2025-02-25independentSource ↗
Grok 391.6%2025-02-18independentSource ↗
Grok 3 Mini86.9%2025-02-18independentSource ↗
Phi-4-mini76.7%2025-02-16independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Deep Research90.3%2025-02-15independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash (Thinking)89.8%2025-02-11independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Reasoning Pro90.3%2025-02-07independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Pro88.2%2025-02-06independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Flash83.7%2025-02-06independentSource ↗
Sonar Reasoning Pro92%2025-02-06independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder Next82.6%2025-02-04independentSource ↗
o3-mini91.3%2025-02-01independentSource ↗
o3 Mini High90.3%2025-02-01independentSource ↗
o3 Mini90.3%2025-02-01independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 Max87.5%2025-01-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen2.5 VL 72B Instruct82.6%2025-01-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen-Plus82.6%2025-01-26independentSource ↗
Ollama DeepSeek-R1 (Q4_K_M)91.9%2025-01-23independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Pro Search93.3%2025-01-22independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Pro93.3%2025-01-22independentSource ↗
DeepSeek-R192.8%2025-01-21independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking89.7%2025-01-21independentSource ↗
Kimi k1.585.7%2025-01-21independentSource ↗
R1 052886.7%2025-01-21independentSource ↗
MiniMax-Text-0183.6%2025-01-16independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax-0186.7%2025-01-16independentSource ↗
Codestral 25.0180.1%2025-01-15independentSource ↗
Phi-486.5%2025-01-09independentSource ↗
Phi 478.5%2025-01-09independentSource ↗
DeepSeek-V384%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.2 Exp82.6%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus82.6%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.182.6%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3 032486.7%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V386.7%2024-12-27independentSource ↗
o193.3%2024-12-18independentSource ↗
Sonar Pro85.7%2024-12-11independentSource ↗
Ollama Llama 3.3 (Q4_K_M)85.5%2024-12-09independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B82.5%2024-12-07independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct86.2%2024-12-07independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct82.6%2024-12-07independentSource ↗
o188.9%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
o1-pro93.3%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Pro84.2%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Lite76.5%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Pro 1.087.2%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Lite 1.081.1%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Micro 1.074.5%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Lite 1.082.6%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Micro 1.078.5%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Pro 1.090.3%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
Command R7B (12-2024)78.5%2024-12-02independentSource ↗
QwQ-32B90.5%2024-11-29independentSource ↗
Solar Pro79.6%2024-11-21independentSource ↗
Krutrim Pro84.7%2024-11-21independentSource ↗
GPT-4o90.3%2024-11-21independentSource ↗
Upstage: Solar Pro 482.6%2024-11-21independentSource ↗
Jev90.3%2024-11-16independentSource ↗
Sonar Large82.6%2024-11-16independentSource ↗
Sonar82.6%2024-11-16independentSource ↗
TypeSafe: Jev Router78.5%2024-11-16independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar82.6%2024-11-16independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B83.1%2024-11-13independentSource ↗
Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct82.6%2024-11-13independentSource ↗
Hunyuan-Large86.2%2024-11-06independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Haiku78%2024-11-05independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Sonnet86.3%2024-10-23independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (v2)89.7%2024-10-23independentSource ↗
BharatGPT-14B82.8%2024-10-19independentSource ↗
Yi-Lightning84.7%2024-10-16independentSource ↗
Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct87.5%2024-10-16independentSource ↗
Llama 3.2 1B Instruct82.6%2024-09-26independentSource ↗
Llama 3.2 3B Instruct82.6%2024-09-26independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 72B Instruct87.2%2024-09-20independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen2.5 7B Instruct78.5%2024-09-20independentSource ↗
Qwen2.5 72B Instruct82.6%2024-09-20independentSource ↗
Switchyard78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 482.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT Audio90.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT Audio Mini86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Devstral 2 251286.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 14B 251278.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 8B 251278.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 3B 251278.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Voxtral Small 24B 250782.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-safeguard-20b82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash Image86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.686.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 3.186.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.5V86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-120b82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-20b78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Codestral 250882.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.586.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.5 Air82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Hunyuan A13B Instruct82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 3.2 24B82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 386.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Llama Guard 4 12B78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Maverick82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Scout82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 3.1 24B82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 4B78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 12B78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 27B82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Saba82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 378.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Nemo78.5%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Gemma 2 27B82.6%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mixtral 8x22B Instruct90.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-4 Turbo93.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Large90.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-3.5 Turbo (older v0613)86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-3.5 Turbo Instruct86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-3.5 Turbo 16k90.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-3.5 Turbo86.7%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-493.3%2024-09-16independentSource ↗
GLM-4-Plus82.6%2024-08-21independentSource ↗
Sarvam 2B (Sarvam-1)78%2024-08-15independentSource ↗
GPT-4o90.3%2024-08-07independentSource ↗
Command R (08-2024)82.6%2024-08-02independentSource ↗
Gemma 2 2B59.2%2024-08-01independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 280.8%2024-07-25independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 285.9%2024-07-25independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 3 251286.7%2024-07-25independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 70B Instruct82.6%2024-07-24independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 8B Instruct78.5%2024-07-24independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 405B88.6%2024-07-23vendor-reportedSource ↗
GPT-4o mini73.8%2024-07-19independentSource ↗
GPT-4o-mini82.6%2024-07-19independentSource ↗
GPT-4o-mini82.6%2024-07-19independentSource ↗
ERNIE 4.0 Turbo83.1%2024-06-29independentSource ↗
Gemma 2 27B80.1%2024-06-28independentSource ↗
Gemma 2 9B72.4%2024-06-28independentSource ↗
Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct86.2%2024-06-15independentSource ↗
Nemotron-4-340B-Reward87.7%2024-06-15independentSource ↗
Hanooman 7B80.6%2024-05-16independentSource ↗
Gemini 1.5 Flash72.4%2024-05-15independentSource ↗
GPT-4o90.3%2024-05-14independentSource ↗
GPT-4o93.3%2024-05-14independentSource ↗
GPT-4o88.7%2024-05-13vendor-reportedSource ↗
Snowflake Arctic77.5%2024-04-25independentSource ↗
Reka Core81.1%2024-04-16independentSource ↗
WizardLM-2 8x22B83.6%2024-04-16independentSource ↗
Command R+75.5%2024-04-05independentSource ↗
DBRX Instruct78.5%2024-03-28independentSource ↗
Claude 3 Opus86.8%2024-03-04vendor-reportedSource ↗
Gemini 1.5 Pro79.1%2024-02-16independentSource ↗
Airavata 7B76.5%2024-01-26independentSource ↗
IndicTrans-279.6%2023-09-16independentSource ↗
GPT-486.4%2023-03-14vendor-reportedSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Super82.6%2023-03-12independentSource ↗
PaLM 540B69.3%2022-04-05vendor-reportedSource ↗
Chinchilla 70B67.6%2022-03-29vendor-reportedSource ↗
Gopher 280B60%2021-12-08vendor-reportedSource ↗
GPT-3 175B43.9%2020-09-07independentSource ↗

Human Baseline & Difficulty Horizon

Calibrated human reference points, specialist benchmarks, and ceiling thresholds.
Measured Human Score89.8%Domain Expert Baseline
Baseline Protocol & Interpretation

Measured human expert accuracy across 57 humanities, STEM, and social science subjects.

Metric & Scoring Methodology

Verification protocols, aggregation formulas, and specialized metric variants.
Primary Metric:accuracy (%)
Scoring Engine:exact-match

Dataset & Compute Cost

Evaluation volume, public availability, API pricing, and local hardware requirements.
Total Dataset Size14,042Annotated evaluation items
Public Test SetPublicOpenly mirrored on repositories
Access GatingOpen AccessUnrestricted download
Evaluation LicenseOpen AccessDataset usage and redistribution terms
Frontier API Compute Cost:

$5 – $20 USD for full benchmark evaluation run on frontier APIs.

Recommended Local GPU Setup:

1x NVIDIA RTX 4090 (24GB) or A100 (40GB/80GB) via vLLM / SGLang

Official Dataset & Benchmark Files:Download / View Dataset Repository ↗

How to Run & Reproduce

Standardized evaluation protocols, CLI commands, and reproducible runner templates.
Prompt Regimezero-shot
Reasoning Modedirect
Sampling Temp0
Pass@k Budgetk = 1
Tools & SandboxPure Text
Scoring Verifierexact-match
Option AEleutherAI LM-Evaluation-Harness (Open-Weight Models)
lm_eval --model hf --model_args pretrained=<model_path> --tasks mmlu --batch_size auto
Option BOpenCompass Evaluation Framework
opencompass --datasets mmlu --models <model_config>
Python APIDeterministic Inference Loop Snippet
# Standard API Evaluation Loop
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI()
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4o",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
    temperature=0.0,
)
Standardized Reporting Requirement:

When publishing results for MMLU, always report the exact prompt template, few-shot exemplar ordering, sampling temperature (temperature=0), maximum reasoning budget tokens, and the precise timestamped model snapshot ID.

Contamination & Memorization Analysis

Audit of pretraining exposure risks, memorization vectors, and refresh policies.
Overall Contamination Risk:HIGH
Refresh Cadence:

Static fixed snapshot

Test Set Exposure:

Public on web / HuggingFace