Long ContextSaturated
Trust Score:
44

Needle-in-a-Haystack

Synthetic retrieval stress test that hides facts at different depths and context lengths, then asks the model to recover them.

Launched: —Refresh: continuous
Status Assessment (saturated):

Vanilla single-needle retrieval is now a smoke test rather than a discriminative frontier benchmark; RULER explicitly notes that models can be nearly perfect on vanilla NIAH while failing harder long-context tasks.

Performance Timeline

Longitudinal progression of model scores against human baselines.

Performance & Historical Trajectory

Empirical score progression across model release dates and evaluation rounds.

Independent Vendor-Reported Human Baseline (94.0%)
ModelScoreDateSource TypeProvenance
MiMo-V2.6-Flash97.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 5.596.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen 3.8 Max Prime95.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Super VL96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Gemini 4 Argon97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 5.596.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Nano Banana 2.197.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 497%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol Pro97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 5.597.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 Prime97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna Pro96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Sol Pro97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Sol97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 5.598.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Pro-UltraSpeed97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Flash96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.6-Pro96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 FlashX97%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 5.598.9%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 5.597.8%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Sol Pro99.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Luna98.8%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Gemini 4 Argon99.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen 3.8 Max Prime98.6%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 101796.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Terra Pro97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6.1 Terra97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K3.1 Pro97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M3.1 Flash96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Muse Spark Open97.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
LiquidAI: LFM2.5-24B-A2B96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder98.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max Prime98.3%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Upstage: Solar Mini 495.4%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.797.7%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Omni Flash96.2%2026-09-12independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra98.3%2026-09-06independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra Pro98.3%2026-09-06independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.8 Flash97.7%2026-09-05independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.8 Flash98.8%2026-09-05independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Max (0902)97.7%2026-09-05independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.3 Contributor95.4%2026-09-05independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.397.7%2026-09-05independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 5.198.3%2026-09-03independentSource ↗
Hy498.5%2026-08-30independentSource ↗
Hy497%2026-08-30independentSource ↗
GLM 5.3 Flash98.7%2026-08-29independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.3 Flash96.2%2026-08-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 Flash96.2%2026-08-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp96.2%2026-08-24independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4-Pro98.4%2026-08-19independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4-Flash97.6%2026-08-19independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.397.7%2026-08-19independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 5.199%2026-08-18independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 27B97%2026-08-17independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.7 Flash98.6%2026-08-16independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.7 Flash97.7%2026-08-16independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Pro 081397.7%2026-08-16independentSource ↗
Grok 4.698.6%2026-08-15independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.8 2.4T A95B97.7%2026-08-15independentSource ↗
LiquidAI: LFM2.5-2.6B96.2%2026-08-14independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 2.1 Turbo97%2026-08-13independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.697.7%2026-08-13independentSource ↗
Muse Glimmer 30B97%2026-08-13independentSource ↗
GPT-598.8%2026-08-10independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Lightning95.4%2026-08-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Image Mini97%2026-08-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Image97.7%2026-08-10independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.2 Contributor95.4%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.297.7%2026-08-08independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash98.7%2026-08-04independentSource ↗
Space Bunny Alpha98.2%2026-08-04independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 073197.8%2026-08-03independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 073197%2026-08-03independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Code97%2026-08-02independentSource ↗
GPT-6 Astra98.8%2026-07-31independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Flash95.4%2026-07-30independentSource ↗
Kimi K398.7%2026-07-29independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 599%2026-07-27independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 598.6%2026-07-27independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 598.3%2026-07-26independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.6 Flash98.4%2026-07-24independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite97.5%2026-07-24independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.6 Flash97.7%2026-07-24independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash Lite97%2026-07-24independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K398.3%2026-07-18independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol99.1%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.5 Thinking98.8%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna98%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna Pro97%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Luna97%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro98.3%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Terra98.3%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro98.3%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.6 Sol98.3%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
Muse Spark 1.197.7%2026-07-12independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.597.7%2026-07-11independentSource ↗
Hy396.2%2026-07-09independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 597.7%2026-07-03independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Image97%2026-07-03independentSource ↗
MiniMax M397.9%2026-06-28independentSource ↗
Qwen3-235B98.3%2026-06-21independentSource ↗
QwQ Plus98.2%2026-06-21independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.297%2026-06-19independentSource ↗
Grok 498.7%2026-06-18independentSource ↗
GLM-5.298.1%2026-06-15independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.7 Code97.7%2026-06-15independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 599.2%2026-06-12independentSource ↗
Claude Fable 598.3%2026-06-12independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra97.5%2026-06-07independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3.5 Content Safety95.4%2026-06-07independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra97%2026-06-07independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Plus97%2026-06-05independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M397%2026-06-03independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Image97%2026-05-31independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro)98.3%2026-05-31independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.898.3%2026-05-31independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.7 Max97.7%2026-05-23independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok Build 0.197%2026-05-23independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.5 Flash97.7%2026-05-22independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro98.5%2026-05-21independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite97%2026-05-10independentSource ↗
GPT Chat Latest98.3%2026-05-08independentSource ↗
Command A+97%2026-05-04independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 3.597.7%2026-05-03independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.397%2026-05-03independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 Flash97%2026-04-30independentSource ↗
GPT-5.5 Pro98.3%2026-04-26independentSource ↗
GPT-5.598.3%2026-04-26independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Pro 042397%2026-04-26independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V4 Flash 042395.4%2026-04-26independentSource ↗
MiMo-V2.597%2026-04-25independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.5-Pro96.2%2026-04-25independentSource ↗
Xiaomi: MiMo-V2.596.2%2026-04-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 27B97%2026-04-25independentSource ↗
Hy396.2%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Image 298.3%2026-04-24independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-04-2097%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.697.7%2026-04-23independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.798.3%2026-04-19independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 35B A3B96.2%2026-04-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5.197.7%2026-04-09independentSource ↗
Gemma 4 26B A4B96.2%2026-04-06independentSource ↗
Gemma 4 31B96.2%2026-04-05independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.6 Plus97%2026-04-05independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5V Turbo97.7%2026-04-04independentSource ↗
Lyria 3 Pro95.4%2026-04-02independentSource ↗
Lyria 3 Clip95.4%2026-04-02independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.797%2026-03-21independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Nano97%2026-03-20independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Mini97.7%2026-03-20independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 5 Turbo97.7%2026-03-18independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-9B96.2%2026-03-13independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.20 Multi-Agent97%2026-03-12independentSource ↗
SpaceXAI: Grok 4.2097%2026-03-12independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Lite97%2026-03-12independentSource ↗
GPT-5.4 Pro98.3%2026-03-08independentSource ↗
GPT-5.498.3%2026-03-08independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite97%2026-03-06independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Flash Image97%2026-03-01independentSource ↗
GPT-5.3-Codex98.3%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed-2.0-Mini96.2%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-35B-A3B96.2%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-27B97%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-122B-A10B97%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5-Flash96.2%2026-02-27independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Pro Custom Tools98.3%2026-02-22independentSource ↗
Gemini 3.1 Pro98.3%2026-02-22independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 4.698.3%2026-02-20independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 Plus 2026-02-1597%2026-02-19independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3.5 397B A17B97.7%2026-02-19independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 597.7%2026-02-14independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.596.2%2026-02-14independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.698.3%2026-02-08independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2.597%2026-01-30independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2-her97%2026-01-26independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.7 Flash96.2%2026-01-22independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2-Codex98.3%2026-01-17independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.197%2025-12-26independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.797%2025-12-25independentSource ↗
o398.4%2025-12-23independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Flash97%2025-12-20independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2 Chat98.3%2025-12-14independentSource ↗
GPT-5.2 Pro98.3%2025-12-14independentSource ↗
GPT-5.298.3%2025-12-14independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.6V96.2%2025-12-11independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max97.7%2025-12-07independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.296.2%2025-12-04independentSource ↗
Claude Opus 4.598.3%2025-11-27independentSource ↗
Gemini 3 Pro Image (Nano Banana Pro)98.3%2025-11-23independentSource ↗
GPT-5.197.7%2025-11-16independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex97.7%2025-11-16independentSource ↗
GPT-5.1-Codex-Mini97%2025-11-16independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 397.2%2025-11-15independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 Thinking97%2025-11-09independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M297%2025-10-26independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 8B Instruct96.2%2025-10-17independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Pro98.3%2025-10-09independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B Thinking96.2%2025-10-09independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 30B A3B Instruct96.2%2025-10-09independentSource ↗
Claude Haiku 4.597.7%2025-10-04independentSource ↗
Claude Sonnet 4.598.3%2025-10-02independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 VL 235B A22B Instruct97%2025-09-26independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder Flash96.2%2025-09-20independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Next 80B A3B Instruct97%2025-09-14independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 090597%2025-09-07independentSource ↗
GPT-597.7%2025-08-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Mini97%2025-08-10independentSource ↗
GPT-5 Nano96.2%2025-08-10independentSource ↗
Claude 4.1 Opus98.3%2025-08-08independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 30B A3B Instruct96.2%2025-08-03independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B Instruct 250796.2%2025-08-01independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 250797.7%2025-07-28independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder 480B A35B96.2%2025-07-26independentSource ↗
ByteDance: UI-TARS 7B95.4%2025-07-25independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct 250796.2%2025-07-24independentSource ↗
MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 071197%2025-07-14independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 1.6 Flash96.2%2025-06-28independentSource ↗
ByteDance Seed: Seed 1.697%2025-06-28independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax M197%2025-06-20independentSource ↗
Sarvam 105B97.7%2025-06-18independentSource ↗
o3 Pro98.3%2025-06-13independentSource ↗
Sarvam Vision (Document AI)96.7%2025-05-23independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova 2 Lite96.4%2025-05-21independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova 2 Lite96.1%2025-05-21independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B96.2%2025-05-01independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 14B96.2%2025-05-01independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 32B96.2%2025-05-01independentSource ↗
o4 Mini High97.7%2025-04-19independentSource ↗
o397.7%2025-04-19independentSource ↗
o4 Mini97.7%2025-04-19independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder98.6%2025-04-18independentSource ↗
Muse Wonder Full99%2025-04-18independentSource ↗
GPT-4.197.7%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
GPT-4.1 Mini97%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
GPT-4.1 Nano96.2%2025-04-17independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 27B96.8%2025-04-15independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Ultra 550B98.2%2025-04-13independentSource ↗
Sarvam 30B96.8%2025-04-13independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Maverick98%2025-04-08independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Scout97.8%2025-04-08independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro98.2%2025-03-28independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro97.7%2025-03-28independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Pro 06-0597.7%2025-03-28independentSource ↗
Microsoft-Decision-197.4%2025-03-25independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Super 120B97%2025-03-23independentSource ↗
OpenAI Decisions API98.5%2025-03-21independentSource ↗
Jev 1.1498%2025-03-17independentSource ↗
Krutrim-297.3%2025-03-15independentSource ↗
Reka Flash 395.4%2025-03-15independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Premier 1.098.2%2025-03-13independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Premier 1.098.3%2025-03-13independentSource ↗
QwQ 32B97.2%2025-03-08independentSource ↗
Saaras v3 (Speech-to-Text)96.4%2025-03-04independentSource ↗
Phi-4-multimodal96.1%2025-03-03independentSource ↗
GPT-4.597.4%2025-03-02independentSource ↗
Claude 3.7 Sonnet98.5%2025-02-27independentSource ↗
Grok 398%2025-02-20independentSource ↗
Grok 3 Mini97%2025-02-20independentSource ↗
Phi-4-mini95%2025-02-18independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Deep Research97.7%2025-02-17independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash (Thinking)97.6%2025-02-13independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Reasoning Pro97.7%2025-02-09independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Pro97.3%2025-02-08independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Flash96.4%2025-02-08independentSource ↗
Sonar Reasoning Pro98%2025-02-08independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen3 Coder Next96.2%2025-02-06independentSource ↗
o3-mini97.9%2025-02-03independentSource ↗
o3 Mini High97.7%2025-02-03independentSource ↗
o3 Mini97.7%2025-02-03independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 Max97.2%2025-01-31independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen2.5 VL 72B Instruct96.2%2025-01-29independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen-Plus96.2%2025-01-28independentSource ↗
Ollama DeepSeek-R1 (Q4_K_M)98%2025-01-25independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Pro Search98.3%2025-01-24independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar Pro98.3%2025-01-24independentSource ↗
DeepSeek-R198.2%2025-01-23independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking97.6%2025-01-23independentSource ↗
Kimi k1.596.8%2025-01-23independentSource ↗
R1 052897%2025-01-23independentSource ↗
MiniMax-Text-0196.4%2025-01-18independentSource ↗
MiniMax: MiniMax-0197%2025-01-18independentSource ↗
Codestral 25.0195.7%2025-01-17independentSource ↗
DeepSeek-V396.5%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.2 Exp96.2%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus96.2%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3.196.2%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V3 032497%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
DeepSeek V397%2024-12-29independentSource ↗
o198.3%2024-12-20independentSource ↗
Sonar Pro96.8%2024-12-13independentSource ↗
Ollama Llama 3.3 (Q4_K_M)96.8%2024-12-11independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B96.2%2024-12-09independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct96.9%2024-12-09independentSource ↗
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct96.2%2024-12-09independentSource ↗
o197.4%2024-12-08independentSource ↗
o1-pro98.3%2024-12-08independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Pro96.5%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Lite95%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Pro 1.097.1%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Lite 1.095.9%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon Nova Micro 1.094.6%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Lite 1.096.2%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Micro 1.095.4%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Amazon: Nova Pro 1.097.7%2024-12-06independentSource ↗
Command R7B (12-2024)95.4%2024-12-04independentSource ↗
QwQ-32B97.7%2024-12-01independentSource ↗
Solar Pro95.6%2024-11-23independentSource ↗
Krutrim Pro96.6%2024-11-23independentSource ↗
GPT-4o97.7%2024-11-23independentSource ↗
Upstage: Solar Pro 496.2%2024-11-23independentSource ↗
Jev97.7%2024-11-18independentSource ↗
Sonar Large96.2%2024-11-18independentSource ↗
Sonar96.2%2024-11-18independentSource ↗
TypeSafe: Jev Router95.4%2024-11-18independentSource ↗
Perplexity: Sonar96.2%2024-11-18independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B96.3%2024-11-15independentSource ↗
Qwen2.5 Coder 32B Instruct96.2%2024-11-15independentSource ↗
Hunyuan-Large96.9%2024-11-08independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Haiku95.3%2024-11-07independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Sonnet96.9%2024-10-25independentSource ↗
Claude 3.5 Sonnet (v2)97.6%2024-10-25independentSource ↗
BharatGPT-14B96.2%2024-10-21independentSource ↗
Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct97.2%2024-10-18independentSource ↗
Llama 3.2 1B Instruct96.2%2024-09-28independentSource ↗
Llama 3.2 3B Instruct96.2%2024-09-28independentSource ↗
Qwen 2.5 72B Instruct97.1%2024-09-22independentSource ↗
Qwen: Qwen2.5 7B Instruct95.4%2024-09-22independentSource ↗
Qwen2.5 72B Instruct96.2%2024-09-22independentSource ↗
Switchyard95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 496.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
GPT Audio97.7%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
GPT Audio Mini97%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Devstral 2 251297%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 14B 251295.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 8B 251295.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Ministral 3 3B 251295.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Voxtral Small 24B 250796.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-safeguard-20b96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash Image97%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.697%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 3.197%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.5V97%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-120b96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
gpt-oss-20b95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Codestral 250896.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.597%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Z.ai: GLM 4.5 Air96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Hunyuan A13B Instruct96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 3.2 24B96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemini 2.5 Flash97%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Medium 397%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Llama Guard 4 12B95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Maverick96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Llama 4 Scout96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 3.1 24B96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 4B95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 12B95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Gemma 3 27B96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Saba96.2%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Small 395.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Nemo95.4%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mixtral 8x22B Instruct97.7%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
GPT-4 Turbo98.3%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
Mistral Large97.7%2024-09-18independentSource ↗
GLM-4-Plus96.2%2024-08-23independentSource ↗
Sarvam 2B (Sarvam-1)95.3%2024-08-17independentSource ↗
GPT-4o97.7%2024-08-09independentSource ↗
Command R (08-2024)96.2%2024-08-04independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 295.8%2024-07-27independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 296.8%2024-07-27independentSource ↗
Mistral Large 3 251297%2024-07-27independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 405B96.4%2024-07-26independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 70B Instruct96.2%2024-07-26independentSource ↗
Llama 3.1 8B Instruct95.4%2024-07-26independentSource ↗
GPT-4o mini94.5%2024-07-21independentSource ↗
GPT-4o-mini96.2%2024-07-21independentSource ↗
GPT-4o-mini96.2%2024-07-21independentSource ↗
ERNIE 4.0 Turbo96.3%2024-07-01independentSource ↗
Hanooman 7B95.8%2024-05-18independentSource ↗
Gemini 1.5 Flash94.2%2024-05-17independentSource ↗
GPT-4o96.3%2024-05-16independentSource ↗
GPT-4o97.7%2024-05-16independentSource ↗
GPT-4o98.3%2024-05-16independentSource ↗
Reka Core95.9%2024-04-18independentSource ↗
WizardLM-2 8x22B96.4%2024-04-18independentSource ↗
Command R+94.8%2024-04-07independentSource ↗
DBRX Instruct95.4%2024-03-30independentSource ↗
Claude 3 Opus95.6%2024-03-07independentSource ↗
Gemini 1.5 Pro95.5%2024-02-18independentSource ↗
Nemotron 3 Super96.2%2023-03-14independentSource ↗

Human Baseline & Difficulty Horizon

Calibrated human reference points, specialist benchmarks, and ceiling thresholds.
Measured Human Score94.0%Domain Expert Baseline
Baseline Protocol & Interpretation

Human precision when searching for hidden targeted facts in 128K+ token long documents without CTRL+F.

Metric & Scoring Methodology

Verification protocols, aggregation formulas, and specialized metric variants.
Primary Metric:retrieval accuracy over context length by depth cells
Scoring Engine:exact-match

Dataset & Compute Cost

Evaluation volume, public availability, API pricing, and local hardware requirements.
Total Dataset Size—Annotated evaluation items
Public Test SetPublicOpenly mirrored on repositories
Access GatingOpen AccessUnrestricted download
Evaluation LicenseOpen AccessDataset usage and redistribution terms
Frontier API Compute Cost:

$5 – $20 USD for full benchmark evaluation run on frontier APIs.

Recommended Local GPU Setup:

1x NVIDIA RTX 4090 (24GB) or A100 (40GB/80GB) via vLLM / SGLang

Official Dataset & Benchmark Files:Download / View Dataset Repository ↗

How to Run & Reproduce

Standardized evaluation protocols, CLI commands, and reproducible runner templates.
Prompt Regimezero-shot
Reasoning Modedirect
Sampling Temp0
Pass@k Budgetk = 1
Tools & SandboxPure Text
Scoring Verifierexact-match
Option AEleutherAI LM-Evaluation-Harness (Open-Weight Models)
lm_eval --model hf --model_args pretrained=<model_path> --tasks needle-in-a-haystack --batch_size auto
Option BOpenCompass Evaluation Framework
opencompass --datasets needle-in-a-haystack --models <model_config>
Python APIDeterministic Inference Loop Snippet
# Standard API Evaluation Loop
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI()
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4o",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
    temperature=0.0,
)
Standardized Reporting Requirement:

When publishing results for Needle-in-a-Haystack, always report the exact prompt template, few-shot exemplar ordering, sampling temperature (temperature=0), maximum reasoning budget tokens, and the precise timestamped model snapshot ID.

Contamination & Memorization Analysis

Audit of pretraining exposure risks, memorization vectors, and refresh policies.
Overall Contamination Risk:LOW
Refresh Cadence:

Static fixed snapshot

Test Set Exposure:

Public on web / HuggingFace